Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face. It is characterized by persistent redness, flushing, visible blood vessels, and the development of small, red bumps or pustules on the skin. In some cases, individuals with rosacea may also experience eye symptoms such as dryness, irritation, or swelling.

The exact cause of rosacea is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Triggers that can worsen or provoke rosacea symptoms vary among individuals but commonly include exposure to sunlight, hot or cold weather, spicy foods, alcohol, certain skincare products, and emotional stress.

Symptoms of rosacea may include:

1. Persistent redness: This often affects the central part of the face, such as the cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin.
2. Flushing: Episodes of sudden and temporary redness or blushing that may be triggered by certain stimuli.
3. Visible blood vessels: Small, dilated blood vessels (telangiectasia) may become visible on the skin surface.
4. Papules and pustules: Small red bumps or pus-filled lesions may appear, resembling acne but without blackheads.
5. Thickened skin: Over time, the skin may thicken and develop a rough, bumpy texture, particularly on the nose (rhinophyma) in severe cases.

While there is no cure for rosacea, various treatment options are available to help manage its symptoms and reduce flare-ups. These may include:

1. Topical medications: Prescription creams or gels containing ingredients such as metronidazole, azelaic acid, or sulfur can help reduce redness and inflammation.
2. Oral medications: In some cases, oral antibiotics or other oral medications may be prescribed to control inflammation and minimize symptoms.
3. Laser or light therapies: These treatments can help reduce visible blood vessels and improve overall skin appearance.
4. Lifestyle and skincare modifications: Avoiding triggers, practicing gentle skincare routines, protecting the skin from sun exposure, and using non-irritating skincare products can help manage symptoms.

Individuals with rosacea are advised to work closely with a healthcare professional, typically a dermatologist, who can provide a proper diagnosis, suggest suitable treatments, and offer guidance on managing the condition. They can also help identify and manage potential triggers and provide recommendations for maintaining optimal skin health.